Place the frozen edamame pods in a colander and run cool water over them for about 1 minute to partially thaw and separate them. Shake off as much excess water as possible, then spread them on a clean kitchen towel and pat dry.
Transfer the edamame to a bowl. Drizzle with the sesame oil and soy sauce, then sprinkle on the garlic powder, sea salt, and red pepper flakes. Toss everything together until the pods are evenly coated.
Preheat the air fryer to 400 degrees F. Spread the edamame in a single layer in the basket.
Cook for 8 to 10 minutes, shaking the basket halfway through. The pods should be lightly blistered and charred in spots with a slightly crispy texture.
Transfer the edamame to a serving bowl and sprinkle with sesame seeds while still hot. Toss once more and serve immediately as a snack. Eat by squeezing the beans out of the pods with your teeth.