Steam or microwave the finely chopped broccoli florets for 2 to 3 minutes until just tender but still bright green. Drain well, then press out as much excess moisture as possible using a clean kitchen towel or several layers of paper towels. This step is critical for crispy bites.
In a large bowl, combine the broccoli, sharp cheddar cheese, panko breadcrumbs, parmesan cheese, beaten eggs, flour, garlic powder, onion powder, salt, and black pepper. Mix until everything is evenly combined and the mixture holds together when pressed.
Using a tablespoon or small cookie scoop, form the mixture into compact balls about 1.5 inches in diameter. Press each one firmly so it stays together. You should get about 20 to 22 bites.
Preheat the air fryer to 375 degrees F for 2 minutes. Lightly spray the air fryer basket with cooking spray.
Arrange the broccoli bites in a single layer in the basket, leaving a little space between each one. Spray the tops lightly with cooking spray. Air fry for 8 to 10 minutes, flipping gently halfway through, until golden brown and crispy on the outside.
Let cool for 2 minutes, then serve warm with ranch dressing or marinara sauce for dipping.